They, as well as vaccinated people who are immunocompromised and at higher risk of severe COVID-19, are still vulnerable to being infected by a vaccinated person. SARS-CoV-2 delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained low. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). Department of Health and Human Services. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life. Mortal. Sect. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Finally, the COVID-NET catchment areas include approximately 10% of the U.S. population; thus, these findings might not be nationally generalizable. Most mothers (1032 of 1138) who received only one dose received the vaccine during the third trimester. It is possible that our exclusion criteria may have resulted in a final sample that may not be reflective of all KPNC infants. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). * Overall rates are unadjusted; rates presented by racial and ethnic group are age-adjusted. The average death rate among Americans over age 65 who contract the flu has ranged between 1 in 75 and 1 in 160 in recent years, according to the C.D.C. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb. NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. J. Med. No other exclusion criteria were applied. This is a relevant consideration because vaccines can be less effective in persons with a weakened immune system. Nursing home residents have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19; older age, comorbidities, and the congregate nature of nursing homes place residents at higher risk for infection and severe COVID-19-associated outcomes . Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates, including non-Hispanic Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. In the present study, the mothers of only 32% of infants in the cohort received at least 2 doses during pregnancy. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:140919. Thompson, M. G. et al. SARS-CoV-2 variant data update, England: Version 21. J. Med. Monthly COVID-19 hospitalization rates were 3.5 to 17.7 times higher in unvaccinated patients than in their vaccinated counterparts, regardless of whether they had received a booster. The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. of Omicron-infected patients with a high rate of vaccination in China. Among these infants, for our main analysis, we excluded 21,891 (35.2%) based on maternal exclusion criteria and 10,412 (16.8%) after applying infant exclusion criteria (Fig. MB), Help with New federal data shows adults who received the updated shots cut their risk of being hospitalized with . New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more severe disease and more hospitalizations, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:14652. The Spanish Health Ministry also publishes hospitalization data throughout Spain broken down by vaccination status, although in this case it is based on estimates: to calculate the number of unvaccinated in each age group, they subtract the number of vaccinated from the population in 2020.However, the target population will have grown since then, so it is possible that the ministry's . We did not have genotyping data to confirm the variant that infected infants who tested positive and instead relied on state data regarding circulating strain predominance in the Northern California region. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, Canadian public health case/contact testing was scaled back due to high infection rates with milder symptoms in a highly vaccinated population. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a significantly shorter median length of hospital stay was observed during the Omicron-predominant period and smaller proportions of hospitalizations with intensive care unit admission, receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Sarah J. SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe illnesses and hospitalizations in children and infants2,3,4,5. Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged from 2 months to 6 months. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Sadarangani, M. & Fanshawe, T. R. Prevalence and decay of maternal pneumococcal and meningococcal antibodies: a meta-analysis of type-specific decay rates. wrote the initial manuscript. Infect. Hospitalisation associated with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in Denmark. Although both approaches adjusted for the same confounding factors, the effectiveness estimates from the TND were higher than those from the cohort design, which is consistent with our previous analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness in which we also observed that the TND tended to result in higher vaccine effectiveness estimates than did our cohort analyses30. Maternal vaccination with at least two doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive initially by 84% which decreased to 56% by 6 months of life in the Delta dominant period. The finding that maternal vaccination was less effective at protecting infants during the Omicron dominant period is also consistent with previous studies which have reported decreased effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during Omicron among children and adults14,20. ** Total hospitalizations include data from selected counties in 14 COVID-NET states irrespective of vaccination status and includes adults with partial or unknown vaccination status. The report shows people catching Omicron are: 31% to 45% less likely to go to A&E. 50% to 70% less likely to be admitted to hospital for treatment. Our findings that receipt of at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was effective at protecting infants during the Delta period are similar to those reported in a recent Norwegian study showing that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a 71% decreased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants during their first 4 months of life during the Delta period17. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Mortal. Hospitalization of infants and children aged 0-4 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 states, March 2020-February 2022. and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. We did not assess whether vaccines received before pregnancy or immediately after pregnancy were associated with a reduced risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e2. KPNC has a comprehensive electronic health record system (Kaiser Permanente HealthConnect, a customized EPIC system), that captures detailed information on all medical services, including immunization, membership enrollment including place of residence, demographics, and pregnancy-related care from pregnancy onset to delivery, and beyond. J. Aircraft wastewater surveillance could be used with traveler-based surveillance to provide an early warning system for COVID-19 and other pathogens. Gynecol. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. Weekly rates among unvaccinated adults and adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with a booster or additional dose peaked at 149.8 (January 8, 2022) and 11.7 (January 22, 2022), respectively. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are Vaccinations were limited only to those received during pregnancy. In this large study which included >30,000 infants, we found that receipt of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during their first 6 months of life. Characteristics and maternal and birth outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 13 states, March 1August 22, 2020. Initial hospital data from England and Denmark also suggest Omicron cases are less severe. Laurie M. Billing and Kenzie Teno report grants from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists during the conduct of the study. 384, 14121423 (2021). Abbreviation: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles are deeply flawed. CAS Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. ** Monthly incidence among adults who received booster or additional doses was calculated by summing the total number of COVID-19 patients with booster or additional doses hospitalized over all days of the month and dividing by the sum of adults with booster or additional doses in the underlying population for each day of the month. This method was also used for calculations in unvaccinated persons and those who received a primary series but not a booster or additional dose.. Adults whose vaccination status had not yet been verified using the immunization information system data were considered to have unknown vaccination status and were included in total proportions but not stratified by vaccination status. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy during the preceding 12 months. Data requests may be sent to Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: DOR.IRB.Submissions@kp.org. The code used to analyse the data is available on. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. PubMed Informed consent was waived because this was a data-only study with no direct contact with participants. In the TND, we estimated that during the Delta predominant period, maternal vaccination with at least doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 95% (95% CI:76, 99) during the first 2 months of life, 70% (95% CI: 52, 82) during the first 4 months of life, and 61% (95% CI: 42, 74) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). Members receive almost all their medical care at KPNC-owned facilities, including clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, and laboratories. Experts say they. Receipt of one dose especially during the third trimester was also associated with a reduced risk of infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 6 months of life during the Delta dominant period. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . The objective of this study was to further evaluate the effectiveness of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life during the Delta and Omicron variant periods. Christopher A. Taylor, PhD1; Michael Whitaker, MPH1; Onika Anglin, MPH1,2; Jennifer Milucky, MSPH1; Kadam Patel, MPH1,2; Huong Pham, MPH1; Shua J. Chai, MD3,4; Nisha B. Alden, MPH5; Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, MPH6; Evan J. Anderson, MD7,8,9; Kenzie Teno, MPH10; Libby Reeg, MPH11; Kathryn Como-Sabetti, MPH12; Molly Bleecker, MA13; Grant Barney, MPH14; Nancy M. Bennett, MD15; Laurie M. Billing, MPH16; Melissa Sutton, MD17; H. Keipp Talbot, MD18; Keegan McCaffrey19; Fiona P. Havers, MD1; COVID-NET Surveillance Team (View author affiliations). During Omicron predominance, children aged <6 months accounted for 44% of hospitalizations among children ages 04 years3. PubMed Iowa did not provide immunization data but is included in the overall population-based hospitalization rates. Shook, L. L. et al. However, a milder virus could still put pressure . Moline HL, Whitaker M, Deng L, et al. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. N. Engl. Data among adults over 50 showed that a booster shot gave even stronger protection. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 in pregnancy during periods of delta and Omicron variant predominance in the United States. PLoS ONE 15, e0229279 (2020). As a result, the number of total hospitalizations exceeds the sum of unvaccinated adults, adults who received a primary series without a booster or additional dose, and adults who received a primary series with a booster or additional dose. Hospitalization rates were 10.5 times higher in the unvaccinated and 2.5 times higher in vaccinated patients with no booster than in booster recipients. This was the highest age-adjusted weekly rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. Klein, N. P. et al. TN and NMF validated the data. The research was published yesterday in JAMA Internal Medicine. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Halasa, N. B. et al. In this design, we used Cox proportional hazards models with calendar days as the underlying scale to estimate hazard ratios and calculated vaccine effectiveness as 1 minus the hazard ratio. All these results were similar to those when no adjustments for covariates are made (Supplemental Table1). 241(d); 5 U.S.C. COVID-19Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021January 2022. Messer, L. C. et al. The vaccines have proved highly safe and effective at reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death. Kharbanda, E. O. et al. Overall, 63% of Americans are fully vaccinated. All authors reviewed the manuscript. J. Med. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059 (2022). Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in calculations but are included in previous weeks. Taken together, these findings suggest that the increased risk for hospitalization among Black adults during the Omicron-predominant period might also be due, in part, to lower proportions of Black adults receiving both the primary vaccination series and booster doses. All other authors declare no competing interests. Maryland did not contribute data after December 4, 2021, but did contribute data for previous weeks. 189, 13791388 (2020). Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. Pregnant women were excluded because their reasons for hospital admission (4) might differ from those for nonpregnant persons. China informed the WHO about the case, which involves a 53-year-old woman, on Feb 24. Google Scholar. 387, 227236 (2022). 385, 13551371 (2021). Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). pdf files, Omicron: fewer adverse outcomes come with new dangers, Statement on offensive historical content, Redistribute or republish the final article, Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works.
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