His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. His spies and informers were everywhere. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. What did the people of England think of Henry VIII? - eNotes.com Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. But, his enemies didnt agree. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? - AnswersAll [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. Henry VII - History Learning Site Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . This was excellent. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. The Lancastrians triumphed under the leadership of a 28-year-old exile named Henry Tudor. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. Why was Henry VII called the "Winter King"? - Quora Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. Their main aim was money. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! A fresh look at the endlessly fascinating Tudorsthe dramatic and overlooked story of Henry VII and his founding of the Tudor Dynastyfilled with spies, plots, counterplots, and an uneasy royal succession to Henry VIII. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. Henry VII: Winter King (TV Movie 2013) - IMDb Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? 1517. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. [53] Later on, Henry had exchanged letters with Pope Julius II in 1507, in which he encouraged him to establish peace among Christian realms, and to organise an expedition against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Henry VII of England - Wikipedia Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. Early life Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. (1): (April 24, 1883. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. I am glad to say that I think it does, for it concentrates on the reign, and court, of Henry VII, giving a different slant to the well known story. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. Henry IV had confirmed Richard IIs legitimation (1397) of the children of this union but had specifically excluded the Beauforts from any claim to the throne (1407). During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. 'Winter King,' a Portrait of Henry VII - The New York Times He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. He was the last king of England to win . [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. 1845. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. He created the Tudor dynasty. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). ||sitemap_index.xml Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. [54], Henry VII was much enriched by trading alum, which was used in the wool and cloth trades as a chemical fixative for dyeing fabrics. [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. [citation needed] Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Categories: Monarchy, NewsTags: birth of Tudor dynasty, Henry Tudor, Henry VII, Thomas Penn, Tudor dynasty, Winter King, Copyright 2023 The Anne Boleyn Files Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. He was probably baptised at St Mary's Church, Pembroke,[1] though no documentation of the event exists. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. Watch with Prime Henry VII comes across as a talented micromanager and financier. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Life at court was merry under Henry 8th, a fresh new beginning likened to springtime. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. Together, they had seven children. Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. It seems that Henry was skilful at extracting money from his subjects on many pretexts, including that of war with France or war with Scotland. He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. What old December's bareness every where! Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit This definitely was not that. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. Old rivalries simmered, however. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. MP3 CD. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. His younger brother, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, undertook to protect Edmund's widow Margaret, who was 13 years old when she gave birth to Henry. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. Henry was also worried by the treason of Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, the eldest surviving son of Edward IVs sister Elizabeth, who fled to the Netherlands (1499) and was supported by Maximilian. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. Watch for $0.00 with Prime. 8 Things You May Not Know About Henry VIII - HISTORY
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