However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. ; Prasad, D.H.L. Biological skin substitutes for wound cover and closure. 8580 Macromolecules 34, Notes - NIST Small Intestinal Permeability and Gut-Transit Time Determined With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Fluorescent and Biotinylated DextransSection 14.5 The calculated dextran molecular weights are corroborated by those tabulated data by the manufacturer with a relative error lower than 10%, being the exception dextrans 580 and 2000kDa with the highest relative error. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 8, 2464-2475. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. He, L.; Niemeyer, B. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. (1969). These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line showed non-toxic and biocompatible nature of dextran. A lot of research has been devoted to dextrans modification in order to describe special characteristics relevant to specific applications such as surfactants [16], as visible marker [17], polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, covalent crosslinking [18], ionic crosslinking, polyelectrolyte complex, and the self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, and hydrophilic modified polysaccharides [19]. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. Exp Cell Res. Progr. 2003;10:33847. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. Pure Appl. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from Hydrodynamic (2008). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fixable, Sulen und Kartuschen fr die Chromatographie, Kunststoffartikel und Zubehr fr das Labor, Spektroskopie, Element- und Isotopenanalyse, Alle Themen fr Hilfe und Support anzeigen, Status und Nachverfolgung von Bestellungen, Reagenzien und Kits fr die Neurowissenschaft, Discover how to track and trace cells by imaging , Hier finden Sie unsere brigen Tracking-Produkte fr Sugetier-Zellkulturen, Molecular Probes Dextran-Konjugate Tabelle14.4. Granath, K. A. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. (2003). Banga AK. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. It is worth noting that the size of macromolecules is much bigger than that of solvent (water) molecules [50]. From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Gold MH, Biron JA. osmotic pressure or light scattering). Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Durand, A. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. J Pharm Sci. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. 4K, b M.W. 1905/05) for their financial support. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Expert Rev Med Devices. J Appl Toxicol. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. WebIn this regard, we chose as crowding agents a number of polymers with hydrodynamic dimensions comparable to those of iRFP713 in different structural states: polyethylene glycol8,000(PEG-8000)withaneffectivehydrodynamicradiusof24.5 1.9(Devanand & Selser, 1991), Dextran-40 and Dextran-70 with hydrodynamic radius of 44.550 and 5864 , In vivo iontophoretic delivery of salmon calcitonin across microporated skin. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. Solutions of dextrans and blue dextrans (0.21.0 g/L) were prepared in 0.200 M NaCl (aq). Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fluorescent dextran Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Stokes radius government site. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. ; Yevlampieva N.P. Nair SS. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. Masuelli, M. A. ; Bos, G.W. ; van Nostrum, C.F. National Library of Medicine DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). Hennink, W.E. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. For Research Use Only. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. By studying the molecular weights of various solutions of polymer, Solomon-Ciuta arrived at the formula which allowed the calculation of the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by a single viscosity determination. 10% neutral buffered formalin was purchased from Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Influence of molecular weight on For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. Drug deliv. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Dilute Solution. Recent Pat. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. MeSH terms 2010;4(1):117. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was Cecopieri-Gmez, Martha L.; Palacios-Alquisira, Joaqun (2005). In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation. Fusco V, Quero GM, Cho GS, Kabisch J, Meske D, Neve H, Bockelmann W, Franz CM. Study of temperature influence. These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. statement and sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. Modelling the endothelial blood-CNS barriers: a method for the Pharm Res. Chem. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are WebFITC Products. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Carbohydr Polym. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. What is hydrodynamic radius