Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. The meat may also be grated and mixed with water to make coconut milk, which is used in cooking and as a substitute for cows milk. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. Oilseeds, overall. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. According to figures published in December 2009 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it is the world's second largest producer of coconuts, producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009. What's Funny About The Business Of Monkeys Picking Coconuts? Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. India contribute about 50% coir production. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [72] Yellowing diseases affect plantations in Africa, India, Mexico, the Caribbean and the Pacific Region. Every day, thousands of coconuts are broken, and some devotees break as many as 108 coconuts at a time as per the prayer. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Micronutrients in significant content (more than 10% of the Daily Value) include the dietary minerals, manganese, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc (table). Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. The liquids inside of a coconut are available as Shredded sweetened coconut 100g 500 calories 48g carbs 43g sugar 35g fat 4. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coconut withstands conditions considered marginal for many food crops and is a stabilizing factor in the farming systems of fragile environments. It forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in Hinduism. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. Linguistic, archaeological, and genetic evidence all point to the early domestication of Pacific coconuts by the Austronesian peoples in maritime Southeast Asia during the Austronesian expansion (c.3000 to 1500BCE). [24], The palm produces both the female and male flowers on the same inflorescence; thus, the palm is monoecious. Gasa suggested, for lack of paper, delivering by dugout canoe a message inscribed on a husked coconut shell, reading Nauru Isl commander / native knows posit / he can pilot / 11 alive need small boat / Kennedy.[159] This coconut was later kept on the president's desk, and is now in the John F. Kennedy Library. It is known as a bunot in the Philippines and simply a "coconut brush" in Jamaica. Sri Lanka established its Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board and Coconut Research Institute in the early British Ceylon period.[109]. Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture and micropropagation. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. The fragments are dated to approximately 1000BCE, suggesting that cultivation and artificial selection of coconuts were already practiced by the Austronesian Lapita people. Food Industry Coconut is known as a common ingredient in food processing. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. [163], The roots are used as a dye, a mouthwash, and a folk medicine for diarrhea and dysentery. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. In some coconut growing countries, the coconut is the main or only source of foreign exchange earnings. Global Coconut production yields 6 million tons in coconut oil equivalent annually and 70% is produced by Philippines, Indonesia and India, Coconut area as a % of viable arable and permanent cropland. Consumers feel that fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are the healthiest formats available for processed fruits and vegetables, which has allowed the fresh-cut category to prosper. The global virgin coconut oil market captured significant revenue in 2016 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of around 11% over the forecast period. Coconut palms are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated; fruit also tends to be shed. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. Indonesia overtook it in 2010. Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. It is most strikingly displayed in Madagascar, an island settled by Austronesian sailors at around 2000 to 1500 BP. Some cultivars such as 'Fiji dwarf' form a large bulb at the lower stem and others are cultivated to produce very sweet coconut water with orange-colored husks (king coconut) used entirely in fruit stalls for drinking (Sri Lanka, India). Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". They need year round warmth and moisture to grow well and fruit. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. [91][85] In other areas, like in Papua New Guinea, coconuts are simply collected when they fall to the ground. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. The Philippines and Indonesia lead in copra production, and throughout the South Pacific copra is one of the most important export products. (2006). Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Because the nuts can fall from a height of 30 yards, in Southern Asia and Australia, monkeys (e.g., Malaya macaques) are trained to harvest them. [26][27] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejn Formation. The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. It might cause fullness or stomach upset in some people. 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. This article was most recently revised and updated by. Coconut copra, used to make coconut oil, is prepared at the coconut farms, using very simple techniques and taken to large scale oil mills through a complex and speculative marketing system. Nevin KG. Although it shares similar characteristics to dwarf coconuts (including slow growth), it is genetically distinct and is thus believed to be independently domesticated, likely in Tonga. Although archaeological remains dating back to 1000 to 500BCE also suggest that the Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also later independently cultivated by the Dravidian peoples, only Pacific coconuts show clear signs of domestication traits like dwarf habits, self-pollination, and rounded fruits. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. It is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. [18][19][20] Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Handwritten notes availableIf you find any doubt then you can ask me in the comment section below Please do like,share, comment the video and subscr. Grated coconut that is dehydrated by drying or baking is known as "desiccated coconut." The coconut sector in the past has been dominated by products, copra and coconut oil, and the international coconut trade used to be driven by the demand for . In the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a girl emerges from the blossom of a coconut tree. When left to ferment on its own, it becomes palm wine. Coconut (Cocos nucifera). C. binoriensis has been claimed by their authors to be the earliest known fossil of Cocos nucifera. Very very educational many thanx for your elaborate description.Raheem, Your email address will not be published. It is predominantly used in the bakery and confectionary industries (especially in non-coconut-producing countries) because of its longer shelf life compared to freshly grated coconut. Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. The small cylindrical embryo is embedded in the solid endosperm directly below the functional pore of the endosperm. Easily kills parasites and helps remove them from body. in history at New Mexico State University. [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. Tannin produces negative effects on sapling growth. [109] The production of coconuts is the main source of Sri Lanka economy, with 12% of cultivated land and 409,244 hectares used for coconut growing (2017). In addition to the traditional products of copra, coconut oil and copra meal, coconut has the unique advantage of producing a wide variety of food and environment friendly non-food products which are used both domestically and for a global export market. The coconut tree is the official state tree of Kerala, India. Most less-developed countries depend on agriculture as a major source of income and employment. 37(9):830-5, 2004. Coconut Research Center. In foods, coconut is used in various preparations. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. The Coconut tree belongs to the palm family. Reduces inflammation. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. Some seasonal variation is tolerated, with good growth where mean summer temperatures are between 28 and 37C (82 and 99F), and survival as long as winter temperatures are above 412C (3954F); they will survive brief drops to 0C (32F). Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. The coconut is also a popular ingredient in many types of cuisine, including Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Caribbean dishes. Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. Economic welfare can be evaluated through consumer surplus and producer surplus. [48][51][57] During the colonial era, Pacific coconuts were further introduced to Mexico from the Spanish East Indies via the Manila galleons. Climbers employed in coconut plantations often develop musculoskeletal disorders and risk severe injury or death from falling. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." There are currently two major viewpoints on the origins of the genus Cocos, one in the Indo-Pacific, and another in South America. On account of this, thepalm has been regarded as Kalpvriksh (Tree of heaven). This invertebrate builds armor from coconut halves", "Indonesia's veined octopus 'stilt walks' to collect coconut shells", "Coconut Fruit Of Lustre In Indian Culture", "How the Zulu coconut was saved from extinction", "Living Heritage Marcellin College Sina and the Eel", "The Fifth Voyage of Sindbad the Seaman The Arabian Nights The Thousand and One Nights Sir Richard Burton translator", Coconut revival new possibilities for the 'tree of life', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coconut&oldid=1136466340, Mean daily temperature above 1213C (5455F) every day of the year, Mean annual rainfall above 1,000mm (39in). The study contended that an adaptation to coral atolls would explain the prehistoric and modern distributions of Cocos, would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls. Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. [178] In Maldivian folklore, one of the main myths of origin reflects the dependence of the Maldivians on the coconut tree. : B.arenosella, B.atriloqua (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), B.mathesoni (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), and B. ; Diekmann, M. It is cultivated by about 11 million farmers on 12 million hectares; 80% of total production comes from Asia (Adkins et al., 2006). [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. These are grown for recreational purposes or as an income generator. Traditional areas of coconut in India are the states of Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Goa, West Bengal, Pondicherry, Maharashtra and Islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. This is in line with our tagline, Office : Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. [158], In World War II, coastwatcher scout Biuku Gasa was the first of two from the Solomon Islands to reach the shipwrecked and wounded crew of Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 commanded by future U.S. president John F. Kennedy. The export of spices generates foreign exchange earnings of Rs. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". You probably already have everything you need in your pantry, kitchen, or medicine cabinet. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. Coconut oil, aside from being used in cooking as an ingredient and for frying, is used in soaps, cosmetics, hair oil, and massage oil. [13] It is consumed throughout the humid tropics, and has been introduced into the retail market as a processed sports drink. [165], Researchers from the Melbourne Museum in Australia observed the octopus species Amphioctopus marginatus use tools, specifically coconut shells, for defense and shelter. Perera, Champa K. Bandaranayake and Hugh C. Harries. Coconut trees also are increasingly grown for decorative purposes along the coasts of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia with the help of irrigation. This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Coconut production plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. Coconut is an important food crop produced worldwide and is a palm family member. It is also popular in Indonesia (where it is known as kopyor) for making beverages. Its versatility and value make it an important commodity that continues to play a vital role in the economic development of many countries around the world. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. . They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. They provided a portable source of both food and water, allowing Austronesians to survive long sea voyages to colonize new islands as well as establish long-range trade routes. From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. Historical Developments in Biological Control Recent Advances. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. Coconut is grown in more than 90 countries of the world and Indonesia, Philippines, India are the major producing countries of the world. Conclusion A high source of important vitamins and minerals, as well as high in fibre, fruits are an excellent food choice. While theres no direct way to make your hair grow faster overnight, there are steps you can take to keep your hair healthy and long. These two forms are referred to by the Samoan terms niu kafa for the elongated wild coconuts, and niu vai for the rounded domesticated Pacific coconuts. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. [1] Flowering occurs continuously. The Coconut Palm Cocos Nucifera L. See also Can You Drink Malibu If You'Re Allergic To Coconut? [161] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. [134], Newly germinated coconuts contain a spherical edible mass known as the sprouted coconut or coconut sprout. In particular, the area around Salalah maintains large coconut plantations similar to those found across the Arabian Sea in Kerala. Because of their soft textures, they are unsuitable for grating. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. Overall, unsweetened coconut meat makes a great addition to a balanced diet. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. [183] Another early mention of the coconut dates back to the "One Thousand and One Nights" story of Sinbad the Sailor wherein he bought and sold a coconut during his fifth voyage. [78] Manually climbing trees is traditional in most countries and requires a specific posture that exerts pressure on the trunk with the feet. Request Answer. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. [18][19][20], A full-sized coconut fruit weighs about 1.4 kilograms (3pounds 1ounce). A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. coconut, edible fruit of the coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera ), a tree of the palm family (Arecaceae). The husks can be used as flotation devices. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. The fats in the coconut minimize the pores that attract dirt and bacteria and prevent skin from getting damaged. Is eating coconut good for your skin? As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses.The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986. The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. [85], In cooler climates (but not less than USDA Zone 9), a similar palm, the queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), is used in landscaping. Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. As of 2006, the U. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. [108] The artificial landscaping may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop. Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also introduced into the Atlantic Ocean by Portuguese ships from their colonies in coastal India and Sri Lanka; first being introduced to coastal West Africa, then onwards into the Caribbean and the east coast of Brazil. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. The President, National Coconut Producers, Processors and Marketers Association of Nigeria (NACOPPMAN), Nma Okoroji, has said coconuts can help generate over $400 billion for the Nigerian economy . ", "Structure and Function of the Haustorim in Germinating Coconut Palm Seed", "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance", "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia", "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat", "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem", "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (, "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion", "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless", "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast", "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity", "Deep history of coconuts decoded: Origins of cultivation, ancient trade routes, and colonization of the Americas", "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats", "Health of coconut tree climbers of rural southern India medical emergencies, body mass index and occupational marks: A quantitative and survey study", "Philippine coconut industry: No monkey business here", "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream", "New mechanical coconut climbing device developed", "A study on skills for trade and economic diversification (STED) in the non-traditional coconut export sectors of the Philippines". The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. This accompanies the palagip (prayer to the dead). It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries. Desiccated or shredded coconut is very popular in breakfast cereals and cookies as well. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. Coconut Research Center. De-husked coconuts typically weigh around 750 to 850 grams (1lb 10oz to 1lb 14oz). Narali Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India. Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. Improves hair health: Eating or applying coconut oil in your hair stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and split ends. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. How do you choose the best tender coconut. However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250mm (9+34in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid.
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