endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. What were Black Codes, and why were they created? *SY(u% 9 corruption did not come to an end. 0 He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. It abolished slavery in the United States. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. WebCompare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. What was the congressional response? At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. There were those who used their positions for exploitation. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream %%EOF The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. Think. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. What was the Freedmen's Bureau? A bill was introduced in February 1866 to reauthorize the oneyearold Freedmen's Bureau and allow it to try in military courts persons accused of depriving former slaves of their rights. endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. Southern Democrats who packed their bags and fled to the West and North to escape the progressive aims of Radical Reconstruction. What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. Did Congress do anything about white violence? that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? Much of the South lay in ruins with WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. %%EOF Why did white southerners move to take the vote away from blacks at the end of the century? HUKo0WhUK( The impeachment of Johnson. It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo y@bi(^k^izu#(fN@)Z4x[wN)Gd\JvWma:M;:*BL5;Sh`2lM^YQ2k(!W7.W)J0>krA"eXk+n R/B.zuu7' ]apJ|_wv^k| +^|B`:H$wlEnT*8@0vX{[rm6FoN,iE?FF/mh@u'Q{$]pJn07a8Y9U-A/, S7GYjkQUKC2"qxLa=23P21 |0Cm)r PS)et%.H e' It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. Women still could not vote. He antagonized the northern voters. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. What happened to black It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. WebWhat is Reconstruction? WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? still conservative Republicans. While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy. Sharecropping. Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. WebEvaluating Reconstruction Directions: Watch Crash Course #22 and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. Ex. Resources that rely on Adobe Flash Player are no longer supported. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. they became caught up in debt. WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets.
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