BJ Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. Social uprisings against the Qing began with the White Lotus uprising in 17961820. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. The White Lotus peasant rebellion broke out in 1795 (White Lotus was the name of a secret society that had first fought against the Mongols). "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." Nevertheless, where can you catch hints that the -angel longs for his former state? The White Lotus Rebellion was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White . The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. In his opening speech, Satan vows never to "repent or change" (line 969696). ", McCaffrey, Cecily. The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . We are committed to providing our patients care in the same warm, caring, and professional manner we would extend to members of our own family. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. The elites' self-proclaimed position as outsiders contributed to their eventual demise. Southern Shensi, with its great amounts of vacant land, attracted immigrants on a large scale after severe famines and crop failures had occurred in Hupeh and Szechwan provinces in the 1770s. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. As one Qing official complained: The rebels are all our own subjects. This is a list of major rebellions that have occurred in China from 209 BCE to present times. (2020, August 27). Kublai Khan When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus members dedicated themselves to the overthrow of the alien Manchu and to the return of the previous Ming dynasty (13681644). It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). The Rebellion is estimated to have caused the deaths of some 100,000 rebels.[1][2]. A pattern emerged of growing rice in the valley bottoms, corn on the lower mountain slopes, and Irish potatoes on the higher land. Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. [3] According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. Contents 1 Daze Village Uprising 2 Rebellion of the Seven States 3 Llin 4 Chimei 5 Yellow Turban Rebellion 6 Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion 7 An Shi Rebellion 8 Red Turban Rebellion 9 Li Zicheng's Rebellion 10 Revolt of the Three Feudatories "White Lotus Rebellion Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [13], Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. ." When the last Chinese dynastythe Qing dynastyfell in 19111912, it marked the end of the nation's incredibly long imperial history. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. ", Dai, Yingcong. Not until the Qianlong emperor died in 1799 was Heshen removed and the war really prosecuted. After both died in battle in 1796, Beijing sent new officials but none were successful. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. . Grandmother. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. The British under Queen Victoria were a huge market for Chinese teas, but the Qing refused to engage in trade negotiations, rather demanding that Britain pay for the tea in gold and silver. This humiliation showed all of China's subjects, neighbors, and tributaries that the once-mighty China was now weak and vulnerable. After more than 2,000 years, though, Chinese imperial power under the last Chinese dynasty was about to collapse for good. The White Lotus Rebellion White Lotus (Pai-lien chiao) sectarianism appealed to Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family. The first Chinese immigrant to the United Sta, boxer Alissa, Clarissa, kisser, Larissa, Marisa, Melissa, Orissa, reminiscer fixer, mixer, sixer convincer, mincer, pincer, rinser, wincer Amrits, White Lafitte Jos (Silvestre de los Dolores), White House Correspondents' Association Dinner 2006 Speech, White Hot: The Mysterious Murder of Thelma Todd, White Nights (Belye Nochi) by Fedor Dostoevskii, 1848, https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the densely forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless peasant refugees(liumin, see also shed people) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. [11], The tide of the rebellion was turned by Qing leaders relying on the local gentry-raised private militias of Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi. The White lotus (Bailian Jiao, ) was a Buddhist political and religious movement that believed in a universal female divinity, the "Unborn Old Mother" who would gather all of her children towards the end of the millennium, into one large family. Kublai Khan (1215-1294) was the greatest of the Mongol emperors after Genghis Khan and founder of the Yan dynasty in China., Tibet And so the war was waged. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. (present perfect, tell). It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion. The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. . A major contribution to the downfall of the last dynasty were external forces, in the form of new Western technologies, as well as a gross miscalculation on the part of the Qing as to the strength of European and Asian imperialistic ambitions. In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing. During the Qing dynasty, inventions continued to emerge despite the turbulent uprisings and conflicts such as the White Lotus Rebellion, the First Opium War, and the Taiping Rebellion. The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). This book has since become an invaluable source in understanding the beliefs of these groups. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Sun Yat-Sen was elected the first president of China, and the Republican era of China had begun. Since the 1340s, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was experiencing problems. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. The Last Emperor, 6-year-old Puyi, formally abdicated the throne on Feb. 12, 1912, ending not only the Qing dynasty but China's millennia-long imperial period. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Matt, I think religion played an important rule in peasants' rebellion in ancient China. The Qing believed that the way to avoid the errors of the White Lotus rebellion was to clamp down on foreign influence. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Imperial forces. How did the Rebellion impact the Qing dynasty? When Chinese peasants raised a huge anti-foreigner movement in 1900, called the Boxer Rebellion, they initially opposed both the Qing ruling family and the European powers (plus Japan). Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of military invincibility of the Manchu, perhaps contributing to the greater frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. Rather, it consisted of uncoordinated roving bands using hit-and-run guerrilla tactics. It had cost the lives of countless civilians and regular troops, including more than 400 high officers, and consumed more than 200 million liang /tael, which corresponded to four times the annual revenues of the state treasury. . Updates? Qing rule gradually collapsed during the second half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th, due to a complicated interplay between internal and external factors. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion that occurred during the Qing Dynasty of China. There the foreign powers essentially controlled trade and the military, although technically they remained part of Qing China. In 1774, one instance of a derivative sect, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing near the city of Linqing. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. Corrections? 22 Feb. 2023 . It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion."[7]. Write in the blank the verb and tense indicated in parentheses. What started as a local rebellion grew into a serious political crisis, as the central government was no longer able to operate its military machine. White Lotus sectarianism appealed to other Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother, who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family.
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