)solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. With about 117 million people (2021), Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Africa after Nigeria, and still the fastest growing economy in the region, with 6.3% growth in FY2020/21. Global; Regions. Before the publication of the 2007 census results, however, the U.S. State Department estimated that "approximately 45 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim. Africa; Americas; . Religion has played a major role in the shaping of the Ethiopian culture as well as its politics over time.. The violence is often dated to November 2020, when the federal government and the region's political party, the Tigray People's Liberation Front, entered into armed conflict at the government ' s Northern Command. ), municipal: 810 million cubic meters (2017 est. (male 1,887,831/female 2,236,827), total dependency ratio: 75.7youth dependency ratio: 70.2elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18.1 (2021 est. 103 Seid, Tafesse, and Ali., Ethiopia Agrarian Economy. Ethiopia Demographics 2020 (Population, Age, Sex, Trends - Worldometer ), birr (ETB) per US dollar -43.734 (2021 est. endobj )beer: 0.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The church has long enjoyed a dominant role in the culture and politics of Ethiopia, having served as the official religion of the ruling elite until the demise of the monarchy in 1974. [29] Discrimination against Muslims has been rampant since the creation of modern Ethiopia, Muslims were marginalized in the Haile Selassie era. [34], In the Hadith, Prophet Mohammed explicitly prohibited jihad against the Abyssinians as long as they were not hostile to Muslims. Other minority religions in the country include Waaq and indigenous beliefs, which are followed by 2.6% of the Ethiopian population, Roman Catholicism (.7%), and Judaism and Baha'i (.7% combined). ), -0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. Ethiopia country profile - BBC News ), total: 5.1% (2020 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est. Start of Contract & Duration: Two months Posting date: September 25, 2021 INTRODUCTION. Religious, Ethnic, and Regional Factors of High Fertility in Ethiopia )industry: 21.6% (2017 est. Date of Issue: 25.10.2021. Fourth Round Census Questioner. ), $2,300 (2021 est. Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est. Christians in the Crossfire in Ethiopia - International - Persecution Includes U.S. and international data, reports, and maps. 0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)65 years and over: 3.54% (2023 est.) The solicitation is expected to be released in October 2021 and awarded in May 2022. )investment in fixed capital: 43.5% (2017 est. ), improved: urban: 52.5% of populationrural: 8.1% of populationtotal: 17.7% of populationunimproved: urban: 47.5% of populationrural: 91.9% of populationtotal: 82.3% of population (2020 est. Religion Volume 51, 2021 - Issue 3. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian mother. As the war with the T.P.L.F . Find the most relevant statistics and facts about Ethiopia. Islam is also the official religion of this country, which has one of the largest Muslim . The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. Title: Child Protection Information Management System Officer Location: Dima, Ethiopia Employment Category: H2 Reporting To: CP/ECCD Team Leader. Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. )29.07 (2019 est. Major Religion Percent ; Buddhism: 0.00 % Christianity (Evangelical 0.03 %) 0.14 % Ethnic Religions: 0.00 % Hinduism: 0.00 % Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Population (2023) - Population Stat While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. used to collect data. Jacob: 6. Explore aspects of Ethiopian culture and religion, including food, art, music and languages. . Eritrea - The World Factbook - CIA According to 2016 U.S. government estimates, 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 31 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 23 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, and Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. agriculture: 34.8% (2017 est. The Rastafari view Emperor Haile Selassie as Jesus, the human incarnation of God. )government consumption: 10% (2017 est. In this regard, the CSA conducts, produces, disseminates and administers data generated from surveys and censuses in Ethiopia. The declining global economic growth rate from 6.2% in 2021 to 3.4% in 2022, as well as the rise in the global headline inflation to 8.8% in advanced countries and 14.4% within member countries of . Until the 1980s, a substantial population of Ethiopian Jews resided in Ethiopia. Digital Equity Act of 2021; Request for Comments Population Size by Sex Zone and Wereda July 2022. If recent progress is continued, prevalence of child marriage would drop to 20 per cent by 2030 and to below 10 percent by 2050. Infant, child, and maternal mortality have fallen sharply over the past decade, but the total fertility rate has declined more slowly and the population continues to grow. Ethiopia - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency Ethiopian Culture, Religion & Peoples | Study.com [3] Haile Selassie's government reportedly concealed the actual figures of the Muslim population in order to present Ethiopia as a Christian nation to the outside world. . An ethnic Amhara group has a separate list of almost 2,000 but experts say that's just a small fraction of the real toll. <>/Metadata 145 0 R/ViewerPreferences 146 0 R>> [38] These friendly and collaborative relations between Muslim and Christian states would soon deteriorate in the following centuries. Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. )major-language sample(s): Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo buuraawaatiif baayee barbaachisaa tae. Addis Abeba Mastercard Foundation and Gebeya Inc. have announced Mesirat ("to work"), a five-year program that will equip 100 entrepreneurs in Ethiopia with their own multi-sided gig marketplaces. [8][13] (approximately $950 million)0.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 109 MoE. 2007 census, 2022 projection [3] Ethiopia is the site of the first hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash. However, it is also one of the poorest, with a per capita gross national income of $960. March 5, 2021 12:12 PM ET. Administrative Division. Islam Summi in fact surpassed in 2019 over 1 billion and 500 million people who practice it. description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependentKucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMAProsperity Party or PPnote: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. Many different actorsthe national military, as well as the Eritrean military, militias from Ethiopia's Amhara region, and . )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. 1,822 Views 1 CrossRef citations to date 0. . Islam in . At the time of the 2007 census, 43.5% of the population identified as Ethiopian. Tele-pharmacy perception, knowledge and associated factors among Definition: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. Christian Nationalism Is Tearing Ethiopia Apart - Foreign Policy That figure fluctuated only a few percentage points over a . )-$5.025 billion (2019 est. Among these mainly Abrahamic religions, the most numerous is Christianity (Ethiopian Orthodoxy, P'ent'ay, Roman Catholic) totaling at 67.3%, followed by Islam at 31.3%. After this, Operation Moses and Operation Solomon, conducted in 1984 and 1991, respectively, airlifted the vast majority of the Ethiopian Jewish population to Israel, where there is currently a population of 150,000 Beta Israel. )$248.972 billion (2019 est. [15] and some belonging to various Sufi orders. Why Is Ethiopia at War in the Tigray Region? - New York Times )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 26.84% (2021 est. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996, Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red, name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulunote: adopted 1992, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (c); Simien National Park (n); Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (c); Axum (c); Lower Valley of the Awash (c); Lower Valley of the Omo (c); Tiya (c); Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (c); Konso Cultural Landscape (c), growing Horn of Africa construction- and services-based economy; port access via Djibouti and Eritrea; widespread but declining poverty; COVID-19, locust invasion, and Tigray crisis disruptions; public investment increases; second largest African labor force, $278.945 billion (2021 est. Events in Tigray mirror some of the violations endured by . Religions. Both Orthodox and Protestant Christianity have large representations in southern and western Ethiopia. The Emperor himself was the defender of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, that also has a concept of Zion, although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Mary, but also to Ethiopia as a bastion of Christianity surrounded by Muslims and other religions, much like Mount Zion in the Bible[citation needed]. A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. [20] Mr. Sabri Elais, then a 27-year-old Bah' from Alexandria, Egypt, introduced the Bah Faith to Ethiopia in 1933. [21] A year later, in November 1934, the first Bah Local Spiritual Assembly in the country was formed in Addis Ababa. )imports: 528,000 metric tons (2020 est. 40% of young women are married before their 18th birthday and Ethiopia is home to 15 million child brides, of whom 6 million are below the age of 15. )crude oil estimated reserves: 400,000 barrels (2021 est. Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941. Find Current & Recent Data - Religious Statistics - Harvard Library The Kingdom of Aksum in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea was one of the first Christian countries in the world, having officially adopted Christianity as the state religion in the 4th century. Their existence was not widely known to the outside world for many years, and they likewise were not aware of other Jewish groups outside of their own community. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions.Christians form the majority of the population. Ethiopia: Regions, Districts, Cities, Towns - Population Statistics in )male: 8.8% (2020 est. Ethiopia - Religion | Britannica [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. ), household consumption: 69.6% (2017 est. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Catholics Population Percent Catholic Country Dioceses Diocesan Priests Religious Priests Total Priests Permanent Deacons Male Religious Female Religious ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Ethiopia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 1.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), 19.3 years (2019 est. )-$2.719 billion (2020 est. )hydroelectricity: 95.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. NTIA seeks broad input and feedback from all interested . )transmission/distribution losses: 3.374 billion kWh (2019 est. While many Ethiopians claim that the Bible references of Kush apply to their own ancient civilization, pointing out that the Gihon river, a name for the Nile, is said to flow through the land, some scholars believe that the use of the term referred to the Kingdom of Kush in particular, or Africa outside of Egypt in general. Internal and international trafficking of women and children for domestic work and prostitution is a growing problem. Ethiopias rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. 2020 estimate). ; Ethiopia 2020 population is estimated at 114,963,588 people at mid year according to UN data. Mathematics & Statistics; Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health; Museum and Heritage Studies; Ethiopia Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank gle religious denomination (44 percent), is particularly dominant in the Tigray and Amhara regions and in some parts of Oromia. Somali in Ethiopia people group profile | Joshua Project Video: Counting Ethiopia's War Dead. Ethiopia - United States Department of State Moreover, the largest portion of non-Arab companions of Muhammad belonged to Ethiopian ethnic groups. ), $27.27 billion (2019 est. [3] According to the government's most recent census from 2007, Christians constitute 62.8% of the total population, with the largest group being Ethiopian Orthodox Christians at 43.5%, followed by Protestants 18.6% and Catholics at 0.7%. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development . Section I. <> According to the Barnabas Fund, 55 churches were torched in March 2011 in the Jimma Zone by Muslims after a dispute. Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) Director Population Density. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Islam was in 2007 the second largest religion in Ethiopia with over 33.9% of the population. make up the remaining 0.6%. )0.6% of GDP (2019 est.) )$7.588 billion (2019 est. 4 Islam is the second-largest religious group in Ethiopia, at 34 percent, with Orthodox Christians at 44 percent and Protestant Christians at 19 percent. ), China 17%, United States 16%, United Arab Emirates 8%, Saudi Arabia 6%, South Korea 5%, Germany 5% (2019), coffee, sesame seeds, gold, cut flowers, zinc (2019), $20.859 billion (2021 est.) )exports of goods and services: 8.1% (2017 est. [9] The rise of Islamic extremists account for much of the violent persecution in Ethiopia. . Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country. It has 31.8 million first language speakers and around 25 million second language speakers (out of a total population of 115 million people). [31] U.S ambassador David H. Shinn stated in 2005 that the Ethiopian leadership continued to be largely Christian. Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Data and Statistics - Knoema Morgan Lee | March 3, 2021 . ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation and particularly in terms of gender as women make up a high percentage of our staff and are encouraged to apply. Mazaa (a pseudonym), a 44-year-old who runs a K-8 school with her husband outside of Addis Ababa, has tried to share her concerns about the grave suffering of Tigrayans with fellow evangelicals. . Demographic profile: Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country - more than 80% of the population lives in rural areas - that is in the early stages of demographic transition. Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics. (approximately $970 million)0.6% of GDP (2018 est.) The wide collection of cross-national Pew Research Center surveys analyzed in this report on age gaps in religious commitment can also be used to look at the ways religious observance varies among all adults - defined as people ages 18 and older - in different parts of the world. ), $9.496 billion (2021 est.) [25] The Ethiopian community celebrated its diamond jubile in January 2009. Population Projection Towns as of July 2021. Islam now accounts for nearly forty percent of the population and is growing. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. )$3.987 billion (31 December 2018 est. The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), has been providing relief and development services in the Horn of Africa . )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. % 4 0 obj Religious Demography. Ethiopia Country Overview | World Health Organization. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. How Religious Are Americans? - Gallup endobj ), 16.798 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991), history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995amendments: proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopiadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years. Ethiopia Population (2023) - Worldometer . Many believe that the Gospel had entered Ethiopia even earlier, with the royal official described as being baptised by Philip the Evangelist in chapter eight of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 8:2639). Islam plays an important role in the daily lives of the Muslims of Bangladesh (about 88% of Bangladesh's population). Tigrayans make up about 7 percent of Ethiopia's population compared with the two largest ethnic groups, the Oromo and the Amhara, which make up over 60 percent. Some adherents of the Bah Faith likewise exist in a number of urban and rural areas. [32] Tension between Christian and Muslim Oromo were witnessed during the 2005 Ethiopian general election, when Muslim Arsi Oromo denounced the Shewa Oromo for participating in political nepotism. In terms of total speaker numbers, Amharic is the most spoken language in Ethiopia. Under Half Of U.S. Adults Belong To A Religious Congregation - NPR )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Density. Ethiopia's Tigray Region: What You Need To Know About The Crisis - NPR )agricultural: 9.687 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Of the 61.6 %, 50.6 % are from the Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. Hospitals WHO supplied with Medical Kits in 2 Rounds in August 2021. Abyssinia is also mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith. . )$2.993 billion (31 December 2019 est. ETHIOPIA 2021 ETHIOPIA RELIGIONS Christians Area 1,104,300 Km2 GDP per capita 1,730 US$ Population 112,759,070 GINI INDEX* *Economic Inequality 35 Other Ethnoreligionists 0.2% . . )wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The 2019 population density in Ethiopia is 112 people per Km 2 (290 people per mi 2 ), calculated on a total land area of 1,000,000 Km2 (386,102 sq. ), -$4.507 billion (2021 est. Overview. [17] Some web columnist even say the Muslim population are the majority and disagree with the current Ethiopian governments claims.[18]. The data were entered using Epi info version 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. People Groups. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. [17] The writers of Ethiopia: a country study claimed that Islam made up 50% of the total population in 1991 based on the 1984 census commissioned by the Derg regime. Islam is the second-largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity, with 31.3 to 35.9 percent of the total population of around 113.5 million people professing the religion as of 2022. ), fossil fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Because of this, Africa is now home to some of the world's largest Christian and Muslim communities. and its projected population for 2021 was 104,477,000 people. Meanwhile Sunni Muslims, who represent ), 29.97 births/1,000 population (2023 est. Learn about the Somali in Ethiopia people group. . (approximately $930 million), information varies; prior to the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active-duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the re-established Navy) (2022), the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Arab Emirates; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2023), 18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (although the military may, when necessary, recruit a person more than 22 years old); no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2022)note: in November 2021, the Ethiopian Government issued a nationwide state of emergency that enabled officials to order military-age citizens to undergo training and accept military duty in support of the Tigray conflict; the order also recalled retired military officers to active duty, 5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), the ENDF is one of sub-Saharan Africas largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary unitsthe ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and against multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (aka Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group; the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalias Gedo region to prevent further incursionsfrom November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported (2023), al-Shabaab; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Forcenote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement Ethiopia-Somalia: While border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia;Ethiopia-Sudan: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia began filling the dam in July 2020; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia, refugees (country of origin): 410,727 (South Sudan), 252,496 (Somalia), 163,251 (Eritrea), 48,743 (Sudan) (2023)IDPs: 2.72 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2022), transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).